Neonatal rodents are more tolerant to hyperoxia than adults. We determined whether maturational differences in lung NF-κB activation could account for the differences. After hyperoxic exposure (O2 > 95%), neonatal (<12 hours old) lung NF-κB binding was increased and reached a maximum between 8 and 16 hours, whereas in adults no changes were observed. Additionally, neonatal NF-κB/luciferase transgenic mice (incorporating 2 NF-κB consensus sequences driving luciferase gene expression) demonstrated enhanced in vivo NF-κB activation after hyperoxia in real time. In the lungs of neonates, there was a propensity toward NF-κB activation as evidenced by increased lung I-κB kinase protein levels, I-κBα phosphorylation, β-transducin repeat–containing protein levels, and total I-κBα degradation. Increased lung p-JNK immunoreactive protein was observed only in the adult lung. Inhibition of pI-κBα by BAY 11-7085 resulted in decreased Bcl-2 protein levels in neonatal lung homogenates and decreased cell viability in lung primary cultures after hyperoxic exposure. Furthermore, neonatal p50-null mutant (p50–/–) mice showed increased lung DNA degradation and decreased survival in hyperoxia compared with WT mice. These data demonstrate that there are maturational differences in lung NF-κB activation and that enhanced NF-κB may serve to protect the neonatal lung from acute hyperoxic injury via inhibition of apoptosis.
Guang Yang, Aida Abate, Adia G. George, Yi-Hao Weng, Phyllis A. Dennery
Activation of PKCβII is associated with the response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), though its role, either pathogenic or protective, has not been determined. In a murine model of single-lung I/R, evidence linking PKCβ to maladaptive responses is shown in the following studies. Homozygous PKCβ-null mice and WT mice fed the PKCβ inhibitor ruboxistaurin subjected to I/R displayed increased survival compared with controls. In PKCβ-null mice, phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2), JNK, and p38 MAPK was suppressed in I/R. Expression of the immediate early gene, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), and its downstream target genes was significantly increased in WT mice in I/R, particularly in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), whereas this expression was attenuated in PKCβ-null mice or WT mice fed ruboxistaurin. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation-mediated induction of Egr-1 in MPs was suppressed by inhibition of PKCβ, ERK1/2, and JNK, but not by inhibition of p38 MAPK. These findings elucidate key roles for PKCβII activation in I/R by coordinated activation of MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK) and Egr-1.
Tomoyuki Fujita, Tomohiro Asai, Martin Andrassy, David M. Stern, David J. Pinsky, Yu Shan Zou, Morihito Okada, Yoshifumi Naka, Ann Marie Schmidt, Shi-Fang Yan
Research Article
Mark W. Musch, Lane L. Clarke, Daniel Mamah, Lara R. Gawenis, Zheng Zhang, William Ellsworth, David Shalowitz, Navdha Mittal, Petros Efthimiou, Ziad Alnadjim, Steve D. Hurst, Eugene B. Chang, Terrence A. Barrett
Research Article
Gaël Nicolas, Caroline Chauvet, Lydie Viatte, Jean Louis Danan, Xavier Bigard, Isabelle Devaux, Carole Beaumont, Axel Kahn, Sophie Vaulont
Research Article
Ganesan Ramesh, W. Brian Reeves
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